Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. It is characterised by inflammation that can affect all layers of the intestinal wall and occurs in patches, alternating with healthy sections of the intestine.
From Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre Its specialist doctors use modern diagnostic tools to help accurately identify the condition and develop a personalised treatment plan.
Typical symptoms of Crohn’s disease
Symptoms depend largely on the location of the affected section of the bowel and the type of disease (inflammatory, stenotic or fistulising).
General and gastrointestinal symptoms:
- Abdominal pain: It is often cramp-like and usually occurs in the lower right abdomen (similar to appendicitis).
- Diarrhoea: It is a common symptom, but unlike ulcerative colitis, the stools are not usually bloody.
- Weight loss and loss of appetite: Inflammation and malabsorption can lead to significant weight loss.
- Fever and fatigue: During active phases, patients may experience a rise in body temperature, fever and fatigue caused by anaemia.
- Perianal symptoms: In 20–50% of patients, perianal fistulas, abscesses or fissures develop.
Symptoms not related to the digestive system:
Crohn’s disease is a systemic condition, so it can affect the joints (inflammation), the skin (painful lumps) or the eye (redness, sensitivity to light) as well.
Steps to diagnosis
As there is no single „definitive” test, the diagnosis is based on the results of several tests.
| Type of examination | Purpose and description |
| Laboratory tests | Blood tests (CRP level, anaemia) and stool tests (calprotectin (measurement). |
| Ileocolonoscopy | The most important procedure: endoscopy of the large bowel and the final section of the small bowel, with tissue sampling. |
| Imaging studies | MRI or CT enterography to assess the condition of the small intestine and any complications outside the intestinal wall. |
| Capsule endoscopy | Visual examination of hard-to-reach sections of the small intestine using a swallowable camera. |
What should you do if you suspect something?
There is currently no definitive cure for Crohn’s disease, but with modern therapies (biological treatments, immunosuppressants, dietary regimens), the long-term freedom from symptoms (remission) available.
When should you see a doctor?
- If you have recurring, cramp-like abdominal pain.
- If you experience unexplained weight loss or a persistent fever.
- If you have chronic diarrhoea or are experiencing symptoms around the rectum.
Important: Early diagnosis is crucial in preventing serious complications – such as strictures causing bowel obstruction or internal fistulas.
