Endoscopy is a modern medical procedure that enables doctors to look directly into the digestive system. Although the idea of the examination may cause anxiety in many people, it is important to understand that this procedure can be crucial in the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of numerous conditions. Endoscopy allows for the examination of areas that cannot be viewed in such detail using other imaging methods, such as X-rays or ultrasound.
This post provides a detailed overview of the circumstances in which your doctor may recommend an endoscopic examination. We outline the most common symptoms and conditions that warrant the procedure, explain the different endoscopic techniques in detail, and offer useful advice on how to prepare for the examination. Our aim is to provide patients with clear and reassuring information, helping them to make informed decisions and to alleviate any fears they may have about the examination. The Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre Our experts are committed to providing the highest standard of patient-centred care.
When is an endoscopic examination indicated?
Endoscopy is used to investigate a wide range of symptoms and conditions. The procedure enables the early detection of changes in the mucous membrane, such as inflammation, ulcers, polyps or tumours.
Upper gastrointestinal complaints (Gastroscopy)
Gastroscopy, also known as an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, EGD), is used to examine the oesophagus, the stomach and the upper section of the small intestine (duodenum). Your doctor may recommend this procedure if you have the following symptoms:
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) or painful swallowing (odynophagia): If food gets stuck in your throat or you experience pain when swallowing, this may indicate a narrowing, inflammation or even a tumour of the oesophagus.
- Anaemia of unknown origin: Chronic, slow bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract often goes unnoticed, but can lead to anaemia. Endoscopy helps to identify the source of the bleeding.
- Heartburn, symptoms of acid reflux: Persistent heartburn may be a sign of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The examination helps to assess the condition of the oesophageal lining and rule out complications such as Barrett’s oesophagus.
- Epigastric (stomach-area) pain and indigestion (dyspepsia): Persistent pain in the upper abdomen may be caused by gastritis, peptic ulcer disease or a Helicobacter pylori infection.
- Recurrent nausea and vomiting: If vomiting is recurrent and the cause is unknown, an endoscopy can be performed to examine the condition of the stomach and duodenum.
- Black or bloody stools (melena, haematochesia): Black, tarry stools may indicate upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which requires immediate investigation.
Lower gastrointestinal symptoms (colonoscopy)
A colonoscopy, or examination of the large intestine, is used to examine the entire large intestine and the final section of the small intestine (terminal ileum). It is indicated in the following cases:
- Changed bowel movements: Alternating episodes of diarrhoea and constipation may be caused by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or even bowel cancer.
- Rectal bleeding or visible blood in the stools: Fresh, red blood in the stools may indicate haemorrhoids or an anal fissure, but it may also be a sign of a more serious problem, such as a polyp or a tumour.
- Abdominal pain of unknown origin and chronic diarrhoea: These symptoms may be signs of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis).
- Weight loss and anaemia of unknown origin: Chronic bleeding from the large intestine and malignant tumours can also cause such symptoms.
- Colorectal cancer screening: Screening Aged 50 and over It is recommended for everyone, even if they have no symptoms. During the examination, any polyps found can be removed, thereby preventing the development of cancer.
Specialised types of endoscopy and their indications
In addition to standard gastroscopy and colonoscopy, there are also more specialised procedures:
- Capsule endoscopy: This modern, painless procedure uses a swallowable capsule to take images of the small intestine. It is mainly used in cases of bleeding of unknown origin or where Crohn’s disease is suspected.
- ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): A specialised procedure for the treatment of diseases of the bile ducts and the pancreatic duct (e.g. gallstones).
- Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): It enables a detailed examination of the wall of the oesophagus and the surrounding organs (pancreas, bile ducts) and allows for targeted sampling.
How should we prepare for an endoscopy?
Proper preparation is essential to ensure a successful and safe examination. The Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre Their staff always provide detailed information.
- Preparing for a gastroscopy: You must not eat any solid food for 6–8 hours before the examination, and you must not drink any liquids for 4 hours beforehand.
- Preparing for a colonoscopy: A colonoscopy requires the bowel to be completely cleared, which is usually achieved by drinking a special laxative solution the day before the procedure.
- Medicines: It is important to tell your doctor about any medicines you are taking, particularly anticoagulants.
The examination is carried out at Endomedix Centres on request under anaesthesia This is carried out for the patient’s comfort. In this case, it is important that you are accompanied by someone, as you are not permitted to drive after the examination.
Summary: Why is endoscopy important?
Although the thought of these examinations may be daunting, these procedures are now considered routine. Modern technology minimises any discomfort. Don’t let fear hold you back: an endoscopy carried out in good time can save lives.
If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, please consult a gastroenterologist. The Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre Our team of experts is on hand to help you in a safe and empathetic environment.
