with Helicobacter pylori a bacterium that colonises the stomach lining and affects more than half of the world’s population. Although nearly 80% of those infected are asymptomatic, the presence of the bacterium may play a role in the development of a number of diseases, such as gastritis, ulcers and even stomach cancer.
From Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre Experts help with the early detection of the infection and the development of effective treatment.
What symptoms might indicate an infection?
The symptoms depend on the extent of the damage caused by the bacteria to the stomach.
Acute gastritis
- Sudden, cramp-like pain in the area around the pit of the stomach.
- Dizziness, nausea, and possibly vomiting.
- Bloating, a feeling of fullness and frequent belching.
Chronic inflammation and ulcerative disease
Around 15% of those infected develop an ulcer, the symptoms of which are:
- Dyspepsia: A feeling of fullness after a year, feeling full too soon and a burning sensation in the pit of the stomach.
- Hunger pangs: A dull, burning pain in the upper abdomen, which is temporarily relieved by eating or taking an antacid.
- Weight loss: As a result of a persistent loss of appetite.
How is Helicobacter pylori diagnosed?
There are both invasive (involving endoscopy) and non-invasive methods for detecting the infection.
1. Non-invasive methods (gentle procedures)
- Exhalation test (UBT): One of the most accurate methods. The patient drinks a special liquid, and the presence of bacteria can then be detected in their exhaled breath.
- Stool antigen test: It detects the bacterium’s proteins in a stool sample.
- Blood collection: It detects antibodies, but cannot distinguish between a current infection and one that has already run its course, so it is not suitable for post-treatment monitoring.
2. Invasive methods (requiring intervention)
- Gastroscopy: The „gold standard” procedure. The doctor can see the mucous membrane directly and takes a tissue sample (biopsy).
- Rapid Urease Test (RUT): The presence of the bacterium can be detected in the sample within minutes.
- Breeding: It helps to determine which antibiotics the bacteria are resistant to (this is particularly important following unsuccessful treatment).
How does the treatment work?
The aim of the treatment is to completely eradicate the bacteria. This usually 10–14 days refers to a course of treatment consisting of the following:
- Combination of antibiotics: This usually involves taking two different types of antibiotics together.
- Proton pump inhibitor (PPI): A proton pump inhibitor to aid recovery.
A follow-up test (breath or stool test) is required at least 4 weeks after the course of treatment to confirm its success.
When should you see a doctor?
If you experience persistent pain in the upper abdomen, frequent bloating or unexplained weight loss, do not delay seeking medical advice! Early treatment significantly reduces the risk of complications, such as stomach cancer.
