During a gastroenterological examination, patients often find that the doctor’s first step is to order laboratory tests. Although modern endoscopic and imaging procedures (such as gastroscopy or ultrasound) are indispensable, blood tests and the analysis of stool samples provide fundamental information about the body’s internal condition that cannot be replaced by any other method. Laboratory results help in establishing a diagnosis, monitoring inflammatory processes, detecting deficiencies and assessing the effectiveness of treatment. The Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre In this summary, our experts outline the most important laboratory parameters and explain what they reveal about your digestive system.
Blood count and inflammatory markers
During a routine blood test, the doctor first assesses the patient’s general condition.
- Blood count (qualitative and quantitative): The number of red blood cells and the haemoglobin level indicate whether anaemia is present. In gastroenterology, anaemia is often the result of hidden gastrointestinal bleeding (e.g. an ulcer, polyps or tumours) or a malabsorption disorder (e.g. coeliac disease). An elevated white blood cell count indicates an infection or inflammation.
- CRP (C-reactive protein): This is one of the most sensitive markers of inflammation. Its level rises rapidly in the event of acute inflammation in the body, such as cholecystitis or diverticulitis. In cases of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), CRP helps to distinguish between the active phase and the remission phase.
- Blood sedimentation (Westergren): It also indicates inflammatory processes within the body, although it reacts more slowly than CRP.
Liver- and pancreas-specific values
Specific enzymes provide information on the condition of the organs that play a key role in digestion.
- Liver function (GOT, GPT, GGT, AP, bilirubin): These values indicate damage to liver cells (e.g. in cases of fatty liver or hepatitis) or obstruction of the bile ducts (e.g. in cases of gallstones). High bilirubin levels provide an indication of the underlying causes of jaundice.
- Pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase): If the levels of these substances in the blood rise significantly, this may indicate acute pancreatitis, which requires immediate medical attention.
Malabsorption disorders and specific antibodies
Laboratory tests are essential for diagnosing intolerances and autoimmune conditions.
- Iron levels, ferritin, transferrin: Iron metabolism parameters are of key importance. Low ferritin levels (stored iron) indicate iron deficiency even before anaemia has developed.
- Vitamin B12 and folic acid: A deficiency of these may indicate a malabsorption disorder (e.g. atrophic gastritis or small bowel disease).
- Celiac disease-specific antibodies: Coeliac disease can be screened for with a high degree of accuracy using antibodies detectable in the blood (e.g. anti-transglutaminase antibodies).
- Food intolerance (IgG) tests: In cases where the cause of symptoms (bloating, diarrhoea, skin problems) is unclear, testing for IgG antibodies in the blood can help to identify the foods causing the problem.
Stool tests: An important complement to diagnosis
As well as blood tests, laboratory analysis of stool samples also provides a wealth of information.
- Stool calprotectin: This marker has revolutionised the diagnosis of IBD. Elevated levels clearly indicate inflammation of the intestinal wall, thereby helping to distinguish inflammatory bowel disease from functional disorders (e.g. IBS).
- Blood in the stools (occult bleeding): Detecting blood that is not visible to the naked eye is a fundamental tool in colorectal cancer screening.
- Faecal elastase: It is used to measure the pancreas’s ability to produce enzymes (in cases where enzyme deficiency is suspected).
The results of laboratory tests do not in themselves constitute a diagnosis; they must always be assessed by a specialist in conjunction with the patient’s symptoms and the findings of the physical examination.
When to consult a specialist: Maintaining liver health is a complex task, in which prevention plays a key role. However, if you experience any symptoms or are in a high-risk group, do not hesitate to consult a specialist. The Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre is equipped with modern diagnostic tools and staffed by highly qualified specialists to provide an accurate diagnosis and develop a personalised treatment plan. Early detection and appropriate treatment can prevent serious, irreversible liver damage and significantly improve your quality of life. Don’t let misconceptions influence your healthcare decisions! Get your information from reliable sources and take the first step towards a healthy liver today!
