Abnormal liver enzyme levels are often asymptomatic, and in many cases are only detected during a routine laboratory test. It is important to understand that elevated liver enzyme levels do not constitute a disease in their own right, but rather indicate some degree of damage to or inflammation of the liver cells, which is adjectives.
What does liver enzyme mismatch mean?
Liver enzymes are proteins found in liver cells. When liver cells are damaged, these enzymes are released into the bloodstream. The most commonly measured levels are:
- ALT (Alanine aminotransferase): It specifically refers to liver damage.
- AST (Aspartate aminotransferase): As well as in the liver, it is also found in the heart and muscles.
- GGT (Gamma-glutamyl transferase): An increase in this level often indicates a blockage in the bile ducts or excessive alcohol consumption.
- ALP (Alkaline phosphatase): It may indicate problems with the bile ducts or bone disorders.
Possible causes of liver enzyme abnormalities
A number of factors can cause enzyme levels to rise:
1. Lifestyle factors
- Alcohol consumption: Alcohol is directly toxic to liver cells and can cause cirrhosis in the long term.
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): It is a consequence of being overweight, type 2 diabetes and an unhealthy diet.
2. Infections and diseases
- Viral hepatitis: Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E infections.
- Autoimmune and genetic disorders: For example, autoimmune hepatitis, iron overload (haemochromatosis) or Wilson’s disease.
3. Medicines and toxins
- Drug-induced injury (DILI): Certain antibiotics, painkillers (e.g. an overdose of paracetamol) or dietary supplements can put a strain on the liver.
How can liver enzyme abnormalities be prevented?
The liver has an extraordinary ability to regenerate, so we can do a great deal to support its health through lifestyle changes.
- A balanced diet: Eat foods rich in fibre and antioxidants (the Mediterranean diet). Avoid refined sugar and saturated fats.
- Weight control: Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes a week) helps to reduce the amount of fat in the liver.
- Reducing alcohol consumption: To protect the liver, it is best to abstain completely or keep consumption to a minimum.
- Preventing infections: Vaccinations against hepatitis A and B, and adherence to hygiene rules.
- Prudent use of medicines: Only take medication in the dose prescribed by your doctor, and avoid an overdose of paracetamol.
When should you see a doctor?
Although symptoms are often absent, a medical examination is definitely recommended if the following signs are present:
- Persistent fatigue, jaundice.
- Pain beneath the right rib cage.
- Dark-coloured urine or pale-coloured stools.
From Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre Its specialist doctors use modern diagnostic techniques (laboratory tests, ultrasound, FibroScan) to help identify the exact cause of any abnormalities.
