Colonic polyps are growths that originate from the inner mucous membrane of the bowel wall. Although the majority are benign, certain types (adenomas) can develop into malignant tumours, i.e. bowel cancer, over time. This is precisely why the early detection and removal of polyps is the most effective means of preventing cancer.
From Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre It helps its patients through prevention, using modern diagnostic and therapeutic solutions.
Why do polyps develop? – Risk factors
Both genetic and lifestyle factors play a role in the development of polyps:
- Factors that can be influenced: A diet low in fibre, high consumption of red meat and fat, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking and regular alcohol consumption.
- Factors beyond our control: Age over 50, a family history of the condition, hereditary syndromes, and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
Symptoms and diagnosis
The majority of polyps completely asymptomatic, which is why they are referred to as „silent” lesions. If symptoms do occur, they may include the following:
- A change in bowel habits (diarrhoea or constipation).
- Visible or hidden (occult) blood in the stools.
- Abdominal pain or cramps.
- Iron-deficiency anaemia of unknown origin.
The gold standard for diagnosis is the colonoscopy. The modern imaging techniques used at Endomedix (e.g. NBI, TXI) even the tiniest, flattest polyps can be detected, which would otherwise remain invisible under conventional light.
Modern therapeutic methods
According to professional guidelines, any polyps found must be removed. There are now a number of minimally invasive techniques available for this purpose:
| Procedure | When should we use it? |
| Polypectomy | Removal of pedunculated polyps using an electric loop. |
| Cold Snare | Safe excision, without the use of electricity, of small, flat polyps (5–9 mm). |
| EMR (Mucosal resection) | They lift and remove larger, flat polyps by injecting fluid beneath them. |
| ESD (Submucosal dissection) | The simultaneous, precise excision of particularly large and complex lesions. |
A preventive diet: What should we eat and what should we avoid?
Diet is key to preventing the recurrence of polyps:
Recommended:
- Fibre-rich foods: Wholemeal grains, pulses (beans, lentils), broccoli, apples, berries.
- Calcium: Dairy products, tofu, almonds.
- Folic acid and selenium: Spinach, sorrel, sea fish and nuts.
- Adequate fluid intake: Water is essential for the fibres to function effectively.
To be avoided:
- Red meat and processed meat products (sausages, bacon).
- Excessive consumption of alcohol and tobacco.
- A diet rich in saturated fats.
