Colonic polyps are growths that develop on the inner wall of the bowel. Although they are often asymptomatic, it is important to be aware of them, as certain types can develop into malignant tumours over time, that is, colorectal cancer may develop. The early detection and removal of polyps is the most effective way of preventing cancer.
What is a colon polyp?
Polyps are growths that originate from the intestinal mucosa; they may be flat (sessile) or mushroom-shaped (pedunculated). There are two main groups:
- Non-cancerous polyps: (Hyperplastic, inflammatory). They do not usually become malignant.
- Tumorous (neoplastic) polyps: These include adenomas and the S-shaped sigmoid colon that is attached to the rectum serrated polyps. These carry a risk of becoming cancerous. The larger an adenoma is, the greater the risk.
Symptoms of colon polyps
Most polyps are completely asymptomatic, but the following symptoms may occur:
- Rectal bleeding: Bright red blood in the stools or black stools.
- Changes in bowel habits: Persistent diarrhoea or constipation.
- Abdominal pain: Cramps (less common, occurring only with larger polyps).
- Iron deficiency anaemia: Weakness and fatigue caused by slow, hidden bleeding.
Risk factors
The risk increases significantly after the age of 50, but the following factors pose an increased risk:
- Family medical history (colon cancer in the family).
- Inherited syndromes (e.g. Lynch syndrome).
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease, colitis).
- Lifestyle factors: smoking, obesity, a diet high in red meat.
Diagnosis and treatment: Colonoscopy
The „gold standard” method for the detection and simultaneous removal of polyps is the colonoscopy.
Why is it the most effective solution?
- Accurate diagnosis: Even the smallest changes become visible.
- Immediate intervention (polypectomy): Most polyps can be removed painlessly during the examination.
- Histology: The removed polyp is always sent to a laboratory for analysis.
From At the Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre The examination can also be carried out under anaesthesia, ensuring a completely pain- and stress-free procedure.
The key to prevention: screening and lifestyle
Bowel cancer is a preventable disease!
- Regular screening: For those with an average risk, it is recommended to start from the age of 45–50.
- A diet rich in fibre: Plenty of vegetables, fruit and whole grains.
- Move: At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week.
- Weight management: Maintaining an ideal body weight.
When should you see a doctor?
Don’t wait for symptoms to appear! See our specialists if you are over 45, if there is a history of cancer in your family, or if you notice any changes in your bowel habits.
