The sight of blood in the stools frightens almost everyone. Although this symptom is often caused by benign, easily treatable conditions, it is important to be aware that it can also be an early sign of more serious illnesses. It is therefore essential to see a specialist if you notice any bleeding. The Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre In this article, our experts summarise the most common causes, accompanying symptoms and the necessary diagnostic steps, so that you can gain a clearer understanding and take timely action.
How can blood appear in the stools?
The presence of blood in the stools can reveal a great deal about the possible source of the bleeding. We generally distinguish between two main types:
- Fresh, red blood (haematochezia): If the blood is bright red, this usually indicates that the bleeding is coming from the lower part of the digestive tract (the large bowel, rectum or anus). It may appear on the surface of the stool, on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after passing stools.
- Dark, tar-like stools (Melaena): If the stools are black, sticky and have an extremely unpleasant odour, this indicates the presence of digested blood. This is usually a sign of bleeding originating in the upper digestive tract (oesophagus, stomach or duodenum). The haemoglobin in the blood is altered when it comes into contact with stomach acid and digestive enzymes, which causes the black colour.
It is important to note that there is what is known as the hidden (occult) bleeding as well, which is invisible to the naked eye and can only be detected by a special laboratory test.
What are the most common causes?
There are many possible causes of blood in the stools, ranging from minor issues to serious illnesses.
Benign lesions
- Haemorrhoids: The dilation of the venous plexus around the anus. It is the most common cause of bright red bleeding, particularly when passing hard stools.
- Anal fissure (Fissura ani): A minor tear in the mucous membrane of the anus, accompanied by severe pain and fresh bleeding.
- Diverticulosis: Small protrusions that form on the wall of the large intestine. If they become inflamed or damaged, they can cause significant bleeding.
Inflammatory diseases
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): Such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. These conditions are characterised by chronic inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal mucosa, which often leads to bloody, mucous diarrhoea.
- Infections: Infections caused by certain bacteria (e.g. Salmonella, Campylobacter) or parasites may also result in bloody stools.
Neoplastic lesions
- Colon polyps: These are benign growths that originate in the intestinal wall but may develop into malignant tumours over time. Polyps often bleed, which is an important warning sign.
- Colon and rectal cancer: One of the most important early symptoms of malignant tumours is a change in bowel habits and the presence of blood in the stools. Early detection can save lives!
What accompanying symptoms should we look out for?
Other symptoms that occur alongside the bleeding may help the doctor to make a diagnosis:
- Abdominal pain or cramps
- Changes in bowel habits (alternating between constipation and diarrhoea)
- A change in the consistency or shape of the stools (e.g. pencil-thin stools)
- Weakness, fatigue, pallor (which may indicate anaemia)
- Unexplained weight loss
How is the investigation carried out?
If you notice blood in your stools, the first and most important step is to consult a specialist. The At the Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre Our experienced doctors carry out a thorough examination to determine the cause of the bleeding.
- Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask you in detail about your symptoms, your lifestyle and any medical conditions in your family. This is followed by a physical examination, which includes a digital rectal examination.
- Laboratory tests: A blood test to detect anaemia and signs of inflammation, and a stool test (faecal occult blood test).
- Colonoscopy: This is the most accurate diagnostic method. Using a thin, flexible instrument, the doctor examines the entire length of the large intestine. During the examination, it is also possible to take tissue samples and remove bleeding polyps immediately. At Endomedix, the examination can also be carried out under general anaesthesia, making it completely painless.
- Imaging studies: In some cases, an abdominal ultrasound, CT scan or MRI scan may also be required.
What can you do?
The most important thing is not to self-diagnose, and not to wait for the symptoms to go away! Blood in your stools is a sign from your body that must not be ignored.
- Keep a diary of your symptoms!
- Don’t be afraid of medical examinations! Modern technology and the option of sedation ensure your comfort and the accuracy of the results.
- Make sure you attend regular screening tests, especially if you are aged 45–50 or over!
From Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre Our team is committed to your health. With our state-of-the-art diagnostic equipment and our empathetic specialists, we help to establish an accurate diagnosis as quickly as possible and begin effective treatment.
When to consult a specialist: Maintaining liver health is a complex task, in which prevention plays a key role. However, if you experience any symptoms or are in a high-risk group, do not hesitate to consult a specialist. The Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre is equipped with modern diagnostic tools and staffed by highly qualified specialists to provide an accurate diagnosis and develop a personalised treatment plan. Early detection and appropriate treatment can prevent serious, irreversible liver damage and significantly improve your quality of life. Don’t let misconceptions influence your healthcare decisions! Get your information from reliable sources and take the first step towards a healthy liver today!
