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Quick answer: The gut–skin axis refers to the physiological link between the condition of the gut and the skin. Many skin symptoms – such as

Quick answer: Overeating in the evening and night-time heartburn are closely linked: a large evening meal stretches the stomach, increases acid production and promotes acid

Quick answer: Slow digestion on its own rarely causes weight gain directly – it more often comes with a feeling of fullness, bloating or even weight loss. If slow digestion is accompanied by weight gain

Quick answer: A change in stool colour is often a harmless effect of diet, but it can also indicate bleeding, a bile duct problem or malabsorption. Red or black stools, or

Quick answer: Nausea after eating or in the morning can have many causes: gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gallstones, reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, or even a side effect of medication or pregnancy

Quick answer: The effect of coffee on the stomach is complex: it stimulates stomach acid production, so it can cause symptoms if you have reflux, while caffeine can trigger diarrhoea in the large intestine. The

Quick answer: Early satiety means feeling full after just a few bites, before you have finished a full meal. The most common causes are functional dyspepsia,

Quick answer: Bowel rumbling and gas usually have physiological causes – air swallowed while eating, the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut bacteria or certain foods (pulses, lactose, fructose) are

Quick answer: Natural treatment of constipation is based on a fibre-rich diet, plenty of fluids and regular exercise. Soluble fibre (oats, pulses) is more effective at relieving

Quick answer: If you have diarrhoea, a gentle diet is based on easily digestible, low-fat food and plenty of fluids. Recommended foods include rice, carrots, bananas

Quick answer: A lump in the throat is a feeling of tightness, pressure or fullness that most often improves or disappears completely while eating. It is most often caused by weakly acidic reflux, muscle tension

Quick answer: The most common cause of an acid taste in the mouth in the morning is gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus and then into the mouth during the night.

A stressz okozta hasfájás valódi fájdalom: görcsös, sajgó panasz a gyomortájékon vagy az alhasban, gyakran puffadással, hányingerrel, hasmenéssel. Jellemzően feszült helyzetekben, vizsga, munkahelyi stressz előtt

Quick answer: Abdominal cramps after eating most often point to a functional digestive disorder, a food intolerance or a gallbladder problem, but inflammatory bowel disease or peptic ulcer disease may also be behind them. Mild, occasional

Quick answer: Milder cases of stomach upset and food poisoning can be treated at home: plenty of fluids, a light diet and rest are the most important steps. High fever, bloody stools,

Quick answer: Leaky gut syndrome is a condition in which the protective layer of the bowel wall is damaged, and substances that are normally filtered out (bacteria, undigested proteins) pass into the

Quick answer: Barrett's oesophagus is an acquired, precancerous condition in which, as a result of long-term acid reflux, the squamous lining of the lower oesophagus is replaced by the columnar lining typical of the intestine. On its own it rarely

Short answer: Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite are often caused by a digestive disease: malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, bile and pancreatic problems or tumours. The exact cause

Short answer: The most common complaints in paediatric gastroenterology — infant reflux, tummy aches in children and food allergies — can be treated well in most cases. The reassuring

Summary: Abdominal ultrasound is a painless, radiation-free imaging examination that shows the digestive organs – the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas and the bowel

Quick answer: Bowel obstruction (ileus) is when the contents of the bowel cannot move forward. Its two main forms are mechanical bowel obstruction (a physical blockage, such as a tumour or gallstone) and paralytic

Short answer: The most common causes of drug-induced damage to the digestive tract are painkillers (especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, i.e. NSAIDs) and antibiotics. These can cause inflammation of the stomach lining, ulcers, oesophageal injury,

Short summary: The gut–brain axis is the two-way communication pathway between the gut and the brain. Under chronic stress this connection can be disrupted, leading to abdominal pain, bloating,

Quick answer: Functional dyspepsia is a recurring set of upper abdominal symptoms (fullness, early satiety, pain or burning in the upper abdomen) for which examinations find no organic

Short answer: Malabsorption develops when the body cannot properly absorb nutrients from the gut. Its digestive causes include

Quick answer: Capsule endoscopy is a painless examination of the small intestine in which the patient swallows a camera capsule the size of a large vitamin tablet. As it travels through, every second the capsule

Quick answer: Bile duct diseases and jaundice are most often caused by a blockage of the bile ducts due to gallstones, inflammation or a tumour. Jaundice is a yellowish

Quick answer: Autoimmune liver diseases are chronic conditions in which the body's own immune system attacks the liver cells or the bile ducts. The three main types are autoimmune hepatitis,

Quick answer: Liver cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) is the end stage of chronic liver disease, in which healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue. Its main causes are alcohol consumption, fatty liver and

Quick answer: Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining and can be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-lasting). The acute form comes on suddenly, often due to a dietary mistake, medication or

Quick answer: Delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis) is a disorder of the stomach's motor function that slows the onward passage of food without any mechanical blockage. Its most common cause is long-standing diabetes.

Quick answer: A diaphragmatic hernia (hiatus hernia) is a condition in which part of the stomach pushes through the opening in the diaphragm into the chest cavity. It often causes no symptoms, but heartburn,