Abdominal pain, bloating and other digestive complaints make everyday life a misery for many people. Although there may be numerous causes for these symptoms, they are often caused by a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori. This infection is not only unpleasant, but can also lead to more serious problems in the long term, such as stomach ulcers. The good news is that, with the right medical treatment and a carefully planned diet, symptoms can be alleviated and recovery can be speeded up.
In this article, we explain in detail what Helicobacter pylori is, what symptoms it can cause, and how it can be diagnosed. We’ll explain the principles of the recommended diet in detail, covering which foods you should eat and which you should avoid to aid your recovery. Our aim is to help you understand this topic through clear, reliable information and to support you on your journey to recovery.
What is Helicobacter pylori? A medical overview
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium that colonises the stomach lining. What makes it unique is its ability to survive the acidic environment of the stomach by producing an enzyme called urease, which neutralises the stomach acid in the bacterium’s immediate vicinity. It is this ability that enables it to persist in the body.
H. pylori infection affects a significant proportion of the world’s population. Although many infected individuals remain symptom-free, the bacterium causes chronic inflammation (gastritis) of the stomach lining. This persistent inflammation underlies most H. pylori-related diseases.
What illnesses can an H. pylori infection cause?
Chronic gastritis can lead to more serious complications in the long term. Medical science has now clearly demonstrated that H. pylori infection plays a key role in the development of the following conditions:
- Chronic gastritis (type B gastritis): The most common consequence of the infection is chronic inflammation of the stomach lining. This often causes no symptoms at first.
- Peptic ulcer disease: H. pylori is responsible for approximately 90–95% of duodenal ulcers and around 70–90% of gastric ulcers. The bacterium weakens the mucous membrane’s defences, allowing stomach acid to damage it.
- Stomach cancer and MALT lymphoma: Chronic inflammation can, over time, lead to atrophy and metaplasia of the mucous membrane. These conditions, the severity of which is measured using the OLGA and OLGIM systems, increase the risk of developing gastric cancer. The bacterium also plays a role in the development of MALT lymphoma, a tumour arising from the lymphoid tissue associated with the gastric mucosa.
It is important to note that only a small proportion of those infected – approximately 10–15% – will develop peptic ulcer disease, and fewer than 1% will develop stomach cancer. However, the risk remains, which is why recognising and treating the infection is crucial.
Symptoms and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection
The symptoms of H. pylori infection can vary widely and, in many cases, may mimic those of other gastrointestinal disorders. It is therefore important to consult a specialist, such as a Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre Please consult a specialist.
Common symptoms
Most people who are infected (approx. 80%) do not experience any symptoms. For those who do develop symptoms, these are usually as follows:
- Upper abdominal or epigastric pain or discomfort
- Bloating, feeling of fullness
- Frequent burping
- Nausea, loss of appetite
- In the case of a peptic ulcer: Sharp, burning stomach pain, which may ease or worsen after eating, and, in more severe cases, vomiting blood (haematemesis) or black, tarry stools (melena) may indicate bleeding.
How is the diagnosis made?
There are several reliable methods for detecting the presence of H. pylori. Your gastroenterologist will decide which is most suitable for you based on your symptoms and medical history.
- Non-invasive (non-surgical) tests:
- Urea Breath Test (UBT): This is the most commonly used and most accurate method. The patient is asked to drink a special liquid containing urea. If the bacterium is present in the stomach, it breaks down the urea, and the carbon dioxide produced during this process appears in the exhaled air, where it can be measured.
- Stool Antigen Test (SAT): This test detects a part of the bacterium (its antigen) in a stool sample. Its reliability is similar to that of the breath test.
- Serology (blood test): Antibodies produced in response to the bacteria can be detected in the blood. The disadvantage is that it cannot distinguish between an active, current infection and a past infection that has already run its course. For this reason, it is not suitable for monitoring the success of treatment.
- Invasive (surgical) tests:
- Gastroscopy and biopsy: During the examination, the doctor uses a thin, flexible instrument (an endoscope) to examine the oesophagus, the stomach and the upper part of the duodenum. During the endoscopy, a small tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken from the lining of the stomach. Using laboratory methods (histological examination, rapid tests), this sample can clearly confirm the presence of H. pylori and determine the extent of inflammation. The Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre It carries out these examinations using state-of-the-art equipment and experienced specialists, causing patients as little discomfort as possible.
The treatment of Helicobacter pylori and the role of diet
Treatment for H. pylori infection usually involves a combination of medicines, known as an eradication regimen. This typically consists of two types of antibiotics and a medicine to reduce stomach acid (a proton pump inhibitor, or PPI), which must be taken for 10–14 days. The success of the treatment is usually checked 4–6 weeks after the course has finished, using a breath test or a stool test.
Alongside medication, diet also plays a key role in recovery. A well-chosen diet can help:
- To help reduce irritation of the stomach lining.
- In reducing inflammation.
- To relieve symptoms (e.g. pain, bloating).
- To support the healing process.
It is important to emphasise that the diet alone does not destroy the bacteria, but it contributes significantly to the success of the treatment and to an improvement in the patient’s well-being.
What can you eat? The basics of a stomach-friendly diet
The aim of the H. pylori diet is to be gentle on the stomach and to provide nutrients that support healing.
Suggested foods:
- Low-fat proteins: Skinless chicken and turkey breast, fish, eggs and tofu. These are easy to digest and are important building blocks for the body.
- Steamed and boiled vegetables: Carrots, courgettes, pumpkin, broccoli (if it doesn’t cause bloating), spinach. Steaming preserves the nutritional value whilst making the food easy to digest.
- Fruit (in moderation): Bananas, peeled apples, apricots. Avoid very acidic fruit.
- Cereals: Oatmeal, rice, millet, boiled potatoes. These coat the stomach lining and soothe irritation.
- Probiotic foods: Yoghurt and kefir containing live cultures. Probiotics can help restore the balance of the gut flora, which can be disrupted by a course of antibiotics. Furthermore, according to some studies, they may inhibit the growth of H. pylori.
- Healthy fats: Avocado, olive oil. They may have anti-inflammatory properties.
What should you avoid? Foods that may make symptoms worse
Certain foods and drinks can increase stomach acid production and irritate the inflamed stomach lining. It is advisable to avoid these during treatment and whilst you are recovering.
Foods to avoid:
- Spicy, hot dishes: Chilli, hot peppers, pepper.
- Fatty, deep-fried foods: Fried meat, chips, lángos.
- Processed foods: Cold cuts, smoked products, tinned food.
- Highly acidic foods and drinks: Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruit), tomatoes, fizzy drinks.
- Coffee and caffeinated drinks: These stimulate the production of stomach acid.
- Alcohol: It directly damages the stomach lining.
- Chocolate: It can relax the lower oesophageal sphincter, which may cause symptoms of reflux.
- Onions, garlic: For many people, eating them raw can cause bloating and heartburn.
Lifestyle advice for recovery
As well as your diet, a few simple lifestyle changes can also make a big difference:
- Eat frequently, but in small portions: Instead of three large meals a day, eat 5–6 smaller portions. This will help you avoid overeating.
- Chew every mouthful thoroughly: Digestion begins in the mouth. Chewing slowly and thoroughly takes the strain off the stomach.
- Don’t eat just before going to bed: Your last meal should be at least 2–3 hours before going to bed.
- Stop smoking: Smoking weakens the stomach’s defence mechanisms and slows down the healing of ulcers.
- Avoid stress: Stress can increase stomach acid production. Try relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation or simply going for a walk in the fresh air.
When you need expert help
Helicobacter pylori infection is a condition that can be effectively treated, but an accurate diagnosis and professional medical supervision are essential. Do not attempt to treat your symptoms at home based on a self-diagnosis. If you experience persistent digestive problems, please do not hesitate to contact the Endomedix Gastroenterology Centre specialists. A thorough examination helps to identify the true cause of your symptoms and to begin personalised, effective treatment that will restore your sense of well-being to your everyday life.
